Blood type testing
Blood type testing is done with blood to determine blood type and immune alloantibodies.
Red blood cells have a number of membrane antigens that are genetically determined by blood type. From the point of view of transfusion and transplantology, the AB0 and Rh systems are the most important.
Transfusion and transplantation
Determining red blood cell antigens and detecting antibodies to them is essential in preventing:
- post-transfusion hemolytic reaction,
- hemolytic disease of the fetus and/or newborn (in the case of a pregnant woman with antibodies to fetal blood cells) and rejection of the transplanted organ.