Kwas foliowy

Folic acid – what kind of test is it? 

The folic acid level test is used for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of megaloblastic anaemia caused by vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency. This test may also be helpful in diagnosing anaemia resulting, for example, from malnutrition. It is also performed during pregnancy to help prevent preterm birth or low birth weight of the newborn. 

Folic acid level test – indications 

Testing folic acid levels is recommended during pregnancy, as well as in cases of symptoms that may indicate anaemia. These include: 

• general weakness accompanied by rapid fatigue, 
• dizziness and headaches, 
• recurrent shortness of breath, 
• irritability, 
• dry skin, 
• concentration difficulties, 
• in women, menstrual disorders as well. 

Fasting folic acid testing is also recommended for people at risk of folic acid deficiency. This includes individuals following an unbalanced diet, taking certain medications such as antiepileptic drugs, or abusing alcohol. 

What does a folic acid test involve? 

To check for low folic acid levels, a blood sample is taken. The test involves drawing blood from a vein, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. The best time to perform the test is in the morning. The entire procedure, including applying pressure to the puncture site, takes a few minutes. It is not painful, although some patients may experience mild discomfort. 

How to prepare for a folic acid test? 

The results of a folic acid test largely depend on proper preparation. You should: 

• avoid drinking alcohol for 2–3 days before the test, 
• refrain from drinking coffee and tea for at least 12 hours before blood collection, 
• eliminate sources of stress as much as possible. 

On the day the folic acid test is performed: 

• the patient should remain fasting, meaning no food intake for approximately 12 hours before the test; 
• in the morning, water may be consumed, up to one glass; if possible, blood should be drawn before taking the morning dose of medications, unless otherwise advised by a physician; 
• before the test, the patient should remain at rest for 10–15 minutes (in a seated position); 
• physical exertion, including moderate activity such as walking or climbing stairs, should be limited, as it may affect the laboratory test result. 

Folic acid – reference ranges and test results 

If you have a blood test for folic acid, the result is available within 3 working days. You can collect it at the medical facility, and if you have previously obtained a special code, also online. 

For folic acid, the reference range is 6–20 ng/ml. Any result below the normal range should be a cause for concern and requires consultation with a specialist. It may indicate deficiency anaemia or haemolytic anaemia. 

In the case of abnormal results, a medical consultation is recommended in order to discuss them in detail.

Factors that may affect the test result

• pregnancy,
• use of certain medications.

Which specialist should you consult in case of abnormal results?

• Hematologist
• Internist
• Gynaecologist